高超声速飞行器热流密度/分层温度/碳化层研究

受试验设备能力限制,地面风洞无法完全模拟高超声速飞行器临近空间热环境。文章采用在飞行器表面开孔安装长时耐高温热流传感器直接测量热流密度的方法,国内首次获得Ma12以上高超声速飞行器表面热流密度时变数据和边界层转捩特征。实测热流值与理论预示值规律相同,两者偏差小于20%。针对树脂基材料导热微分方程中虽考虑了热解吸热项,但未考虑导热系数随温度变化情况,采用在树脂基材料导热微分方程中加入物性参数随温度变化项的方法,计算了飞行器热防护结构内部分层温度和碳化层厚度,并与实测结果进行了比较,不考虑树脂热解特性和材料物性参数随温度变化,理论值高于实测值,最大偏差275~320℃;考虑热解特性和物性参数随温度变化情况,计算值与实测值最大偏差小于70℃。     

风扇/压气机叶型厚度对颤振特性的影响

采用计算流体力学与结构动力学相结合的方法,数值模拟了三维振荡叶栅非定常黏性流场;通过对叶片表面非定常气动力及其所做非定常气动功的计算分析,采用能量法对叶片颤振与否进行预估判断。针对三维直叶片和风扇转子叶片,通过调整叶片的相对厚度,研究了叶片厚度变化对风扇/压气机颤振特性的影响。此外,通过对振荡叶栅非定常流场结构的研究,发现了叶片吸力面气流分离与叶片振动之间的耦合关系。本文的研究在风扇/压气机设计中,可用于评估最大相对厚度等叶型结构设计参数对气弹稳定性的影响,对叶轮机颤振机理研究具有一定的参考意义。     

离心力场下多孔层的不同厚度对热驱动换热的影响

以涡轮叶片新型超级冷却技术的研究为背景,在具有冷却通道的新型冷却结构中加入多孔介质,采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究了不同多孔层厚度条件下,新型冷却结构的热驱动换热规律,实验和计算结果基本一致.研究结果表明不同多孔层厚度条件下,该新型冷却结构具有相同的换热规律:随着旋转速度、热流密度和冷气进口速度的增大,该结构的热驱动换热能力逐渐增强.同时实验研究发现,随着多孔层厚度的增大,热驱动换热效果降低.      

CMP加工过程中加工载荷对液膜厚度的影响分析

本文采用激光诱导荧光技术(LIF)来研究抛光参数对化学机械抛光加工区液膜厚度的影响.研究表明,抛光液膜厚度随着抛光载荷的增加而减少,减小的趋势随抛光载荷的提高而减缓.同时液膜厚度随着抛光速度的增加而变大.通过抛光参数的变化对抛光液液膜厚度影响的分析,为改善CMP加工工艺提供理论性的依据.     

聚酰亚胺泡沫吸声性能与理论分析

采用前驱体微球法制备闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫,并对其吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫具有共振吸声特点;对闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫的吸声系数进行了理论推导,研究了泡沫厚度对泡沫吸声性能的影响,分析了聚酰亚胺泡沫的吸声理论;采用闭孔泡沫与开孔泡沫组合后,泡沫整体吸声性能显著提高。     

热障涂层厚度及厚度不均热无损检测的数值模拟

研究了热障涂层(TBC)厚度及厚度不均的红外热无损检测(IRTNDT)的建模和基于有限单元法的数值模拟。在柱坐标系下以轴对称模型描述热障涂层结构的瞬态热传导,建立相应的物理模型及有限元模型。用有限元分析软件ANSYS计算涂层结构受热脉冲激励后的温度场,研究热无损检测可检信息参数(如最大温差和最大对比度)与厚度特征参数(厚度差和厚度)的关系。结果表明,在涂层公称厚度一定时,最大温差和最大对比度与厚度差呈非线性关系,它们随着厚度差的增大而增大;在涂层厚度差一定时,最大温差和最大对比度与涂层公称厚度呈非线性关系,它们随着涂层公称厚度的增加而减小。利用计算所得的可检信息参数与厚度特征参数的关系可以反向估计陶瓷层厚度差和厚度。这些研究结果为热障涂层厚度及厚度不均的红外热无损检测及表征提供了基本理论依据。     

Validation of University of New Brunswick Ionospheric Modeling Technique with ionosonde TEC estimation over South Africa

For more than a decade, ionospheric research over South Africa has been carried out using data from ionosondes geographically located at Madimbo (28.38°S, 30.88°E), Grahamstown (33.32°S, 26.50°E), and Louisvale (28.51°S, 21.24°E). The objective has been modelling the bottomside ionospheric characteristics using neural networks. The use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is described as a new technique to monitor the dynamics and variations of the ionosphere over South Africa, with possible future application in high frequency radio communication. For this task, the University of New Brunswick Ionospheric Modelling Technique (UNB-IMT) was applied to compute midday (10:00 UT) GNSS-derived total electron content (GTEC). GTEC values were computed using GNSS data for stations located near ionosondes for the years 2002 and 2005 near solar maximum and minimum, respectively. The GTEC was compared with the midday ionosonde-derived TEC (ITEC) measurements to validate the UNB-IMT results. It was found that the variation trends of GTEC and ITEC over all stations are in good agreement and show a pronounced seasonal variation for the period near solar maximum, with maximum values (∼80 TECU) around autumn and spring equinoxes, and minimum values (∼22 TECU) around winter and summer. Furthermore, the residual ΔTEC = GTEC − ITEC was computed. It was evident that ΔTEC, which is believed to correspond to plasmaspheric electron content, showed a pronounced seasonal variation with maximum values (∼20 TECU) around equinoxes and minimum (∼5 TECU) around winter near solar maximum. The equivalent ionospheric and total slab thicknesses were also computed and comprehensively discussed. The results verified the use of UNB-IMT as one of the tools for future ionospheric TEC research over South Africa.     

An inversion approach for lunar regolith layer thickness using optical albedo data and microwave emission simulation

An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO₂ content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation.     

超声速空间发展燃烧反应剪切层放热效应分析

为探索化学反应对混合燃烧的影响机理,本文从流体力学基本方程出发,采用直接数值模拟方法研究了二维7组元/8反应化学非平衡剪切层的流动,讨论了数值上考虑化学反应放热对流动混合的影响,并分析其机理.研究发现:在相同的基频扰动促发下,考虑化学反应时混合层厚度变薄,且混合层的厚度会随着燃料组分的增大先变小后增大,涡量厚度发展至饱和的位置逐渐靠后;反应放热和组分含量影响湍流切应力和湍动能的变化,涡量厚度随着湍动能以及湍流切应力规律性变化,随着燃料组分的增加,湍动能、湍流切应力及混合层厚度非单调变化,存在极值点.     

变摩擦控制厚度分布的TC4深筒形件正反向超塑成形

以正反向超塑成形厚度均匀的TC4钛合金深筒形件为背景,采用MARC有限元模拟分析了正反向超塑成形时预成形模和终成形模的表面摩擦系数对成形件壁厚分布的影响.结果表明:合理地增大预成形模的表面摩擦力能显著增加预成形的局部减薄作用,对于提高零件最终壁厚分布均匀性有利.同时,合理减小终成形模的摩擦力,可以使板料褴体变形均匀化,壁厚分布趋于均匀.根据模拟结果,采用机械加工方法增加预成形模表面粗糙度以增大摩擦力,在终成形模表面喷涂润滑剂以降低摩擦力,通过正反向超塑成形实验制得厚度分布在1.50～1.78mm范围内的航天用TC4钛合金深简形件,比普通正反向超塑成形件厚度分布(1.18～2.24mm)有了很大改善.